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Gaiffe      ©Oswald Pauwels M&L This widely-distributed "Art-Nouveau" model, elaborated by A-J. D'Arsonval, (France, 1851-1940) and manufactured by G. Gaiffe (France 1857-1943) enjoyed an excellent reputation and over the years underwent a number of improvements. Here, it's shown with the famous Rochefort high voltage coil at the top of the device supplied by alternating current through a mercury and gas atmosphere turbine at the bottom. At the top, 2 Villard gas valve tubes (rectifier) were placed; later replaced by the hot cathode valve tube or Kenetron developed in 1914 by S. Dushman (USA, 1883-1954) of GE's researched laboratory. After 1915, the addition of a filament transformer enabled the case of the new powerful vacuum W. Coolidges tubes(USA, 1873 -1975). d'Arsonval apparatus with Oudin's resonator : High frequency instruments are constructed along two principal types - that of d'Arsonval and that of Tesla - with in connection or combination with them, a third instrument, the resonator of Oudin.